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Mechanism of signal transduction in a model representative of prokaryotic heme-containing oxygen sensors
Smrčka, Tomáš ; Martínková, Markéta (advisor) ; Stráňava, Martin (referee)
A two-component system, consisting of a histidine kinase and a response regulator, is a crucial molecular-biology tool for many bacteria to react to an environmental changes. An important step in activation of the two-component system is an autophosphorylation reaction on the dimeric histidine kinase, which involves the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP in the catalytic domain to a conserved histidine molecule. Depending on whether the transfer of the phosphate group occurs within one subunit of the dimer or from one subunit to another, we distinguish a cis- or trans-autophosphorylation, respectively. Here we study the autophosphorylation reaction of globin coupled histidine kinase from soil bacteria Anaeromyxobacter sp. Fw109-5 (AfGcHK), which uses heme to detect gaseous molecules. Using a phosphorylation analysis of a heterodimer of AfGcHK composed of a subunit with a defective ATP-binding site and a subunit with a phosphorylatable histidine substituted for alanine, the trans-mechanism of autophosphorylation was identified for AfGcHK. Key words: two component signal systems, histidine kinase, heme-containing oxygen sensors, Phos-tag, AfGcHK [IN CZECH]
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Structure and function relationships of model hemoproteins
Lengálová, Alžběta ; Martínková, Markéta (advisor) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee) ; Muchová, Lucie (referee)
Heme is one of the most important and most studied cofactors that are essential for proper function of many proteins. Heme-containing proteins comprise of a large group of biologically important molecules that are involved in many physiological processes. The presented dissertation is focused on two groups of heme sensor proteins, namely prokaryotic heme-based gas sensors and eukaryotic heme-responsive sensors. Heme-based gas sensors play an important role in regulation of many bacterial processes and consist usually of two domains, a sensor domain and a functional domain. The dissertation thesis aims at the study of two model bacterial heme-based gas sensors, histidine kinase AfGcHK and diguanylate cyclase YddV, in order to elucidate their mechanism of interdomain signal transduction. Using X-ray crystallography and hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry approaches, significant differences in the structure of the AfGcHK protein between the active and inactive forms were described. The signal detection by the AfGcHK sensor domain affects the structural properties of the protein, and these conformational changes then have indirect impact on the enzyme activity of the functional domain. Further, the dissertation pays more attention to the effect of a sensor domain dimerization...
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Structure and function relationships of model hemoproteins
Lengálová, Alžběta ; Martínková, Markéta (advisor) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee) ; Muchová, Lucie (referee)
Heme is one of the most important and most studied cofactors that are essential for proper function of many proteins. Heme-containing proteins comprise of a large group of biologically important molecules that are involved in many physiological processes. The presented dissertation is focused on two groups of heme sensor proteins, namely prokaryotic heme-based gas sensors and eukaryotic heme-responsive sensors. Heme-based gas sensors play an important role in regulation of many bacterial processes and consist usually of two domains, a sensor domain and a functional domain. The dissertation thesis aims at the study of two model bacterial heme-based gas sensors, histidine kinase AfGcHK and diguanylate cyclase YddV, in order to elucidate their mechanism of interdomain signal transduction. Using X-ray crystallography and hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry approaches, significant differences in the structure of the AfGcHK protein between the active and inactive forms were described. The signal detection by the AfGcHK sensor domain affects the structural properties of the protein, and these conformational changes then have indirect impact on the enzyme activity of the functional domain. Further, the dissertation pays more attention to the effect of a sensor domain dimerization...
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The kinetic analysis of the enzyme reaction catalyzed by the globine coupled histidine kinase
Fojtíková, Veronika ; Martínková, Markéta (advisor) ; Vaněk, Ondřej (referee)
Two-component signal systems serve as basic stimulus-response coupling mechanism to allow organisms (predominantly bacteria) to sense and respond to changes in many environmental conditions. The prototypical system consists of two proteins, namely a histidine kinase, containing a sensor domain and catalytic kinase core, and a response regulator protein (RR protein). Extracellular stimuli are sensed by a histidine kinase sensor domain. Then ATP is bound to the catalytic kinase core and the γ-phosphoryl group is transferred to the conserved histidine residue. This phosphoryl group is subsequently transferred to a conserved aspartate residue within the RR protein. Phosphotransfer to the RR protein results in activation of a downstream effector domain that elicits the specific response (usually it is transcription activity, but a few RR proteins function as enzymes). The histidine kinase sensor domain is designed for specific ligand interactions. This master thesis focused on the unique histidine kinase containing a sensor domain with a globine structure, which coordinates a heme molecule, namely globin-coupled histidine kinase from Anaeromyxobacter sp. Fw 109-5 (AfGcHK) and its appropriate RR protein. The aim of this thesis was to study and characterize the phosphorylation activity of AfGcHK and RR...
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